So and Such Differences in Grammar for ESL Learners

Structures using such and so are similar in meaning, but different in construction. The main difference between the two structures is that such takes a noun phrase, whereas so takes an adjective. Such †¦ that Such †¦ that takes a noun or modified noun in a noun phrase. That can be used following the noun phrase but is not required.​​ such adjective noun (that) Examples: The recording was such a disappointment that I didnt buy any more from that artist.It was such an expensive car that they didnt buy it. So †¦ that So †¦ that takes an adjective. That can be used following the noun phrase but is not required. So adjective (that) Examples: The game was so fascinating (that) he played for hours.Our vacation apartment was so luxurious (that) we didnt want to leave. So for Results So can also be used to express a result. In this case so is followed by a full clause: Examples: I had a lot of time so I visited the museum.She wasnt happy in her current position so she looked for a new job.

Stretegic Analysis of Pepsi Free Essays

Strategic Analysis of PepsiCo | | Introduction Pepsi co is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in stores restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by a pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on Stretegic Analysis of Pepsi or any similar topic only for you Order Now The brand was trademarked on June 16 1903. The has been many Pepsi variants over the years since 1903 to name a few they have Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi blue, Pepsi raw, Pepsi one etc. PepsiCo is situated in a soft drink industry that is dominated by Coca Cola. By the time it got into the market Coca cola had already made its mark among the public and the newcomer Pepsi found it hard to find a consumer base. Their first effective marketing strategy, they put their sodas in beer bottles and sold them cheaper than Coke. There was more drink for less money. They started selling, and Pepsi was seen as the poor man’s cola. Although this strategy worked, Pepsi recognized that if their image remained as that of the Poor Man’s Soda, their customer base would never widen. In order to improve its image, Pepsi devised a new marketing strategy by employing celebrities for its advertisements. One of their first celebrity endorser was Barney Oldfield, the pioneer for automobile racing. Afterwards, PepsiCo dipped its marketing hands into acquiring even more business. They bought Taco Bell and Pizza Hut and exerted effort into developing overseas restaurant ventures. One of the most successful advertising and promotion campaigns in history. SWOT Analysis Strength †¢ Pepsi has a broader product line and outstanding reputation. †¢ Merger of Quaker Oats produced synergy across the board. †¢ Record revenues and increasing market share. †¢ Lack of capital constraints (availability of large free cash flow). †¢ Great brands, strong distribution, innovative capabilities †¢ Number one maker of snacks, such as corn chips and potato chips Weakness †¢ Pepsi hard to inspire vision and direction for large global company. Not all PepsiCo products bear the company name †¢ PepsiCo is far away from leader Coca-cola in the international market – demand is highly elastic. Opportunity †¢ Pepsi should expand into markets that they are not currently in. †¢ Food division should expand internationally †¢ Noncarbonated drinks are the fastest-growing part of the industry †¢ Pepsi should position itself on t he cutting edge of the healthy food trend in the market place by increasing trend toward †¢ Changing customer tastes e. g. variants of drinks †¢ Focus on most important customer trend – â€Å"Convenience†. Threats †¢ Pepsi is blamed for pesticide residues in their products in one of their most promising emerging market e. g. in India †¢ Over 50 percent of the company’s sales come from Frito-Lay; this is a threat if the market takes a downturn †¢ PepsiCo now competes with Cadbury Schweppes, Coca-Cola, and Kraft foods (because of broader product line) which are well-run and financially sound competitors. †¢ Size of company will demand a varied marketing program; Social, cultural, economic, political and governmental constrains. External Analysis PEST Analysis: Political influences: – The production distribution and use of many of PepsiCo product are subject to various federal laws, such as the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act. – The businesses are also subject to state, local and foreign laws. – The international businesses are subject to the Government stability in the countries where PepsiCo is trying get into (underdeveloped markets). Businesses are also subject to de taxation policy in each country they are operating. They also have to comply with federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations. Economic influences: – Pepsi is subject to the harvest of the raw material that they use in their snack foods, soft drink and juice, like corn, oranges, grapefruit, vegetables, potatoes, etc. Because of they rely on trucks to move and distribute many of their products, fuel is also an important subject, so they are subject to the fuel price fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. Operating in International Markets involves exposure to volatile movements in foreign exchange rates. The economic impact of foreign exchange rates movements on them is complex because such changes are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. PepsiCo is also subject to other economical factors like money supply, energy availability and cost, business cycles, etc. Social influences: – Pepsi is subject to the lifestyle changes, because of it bases its advertising campaigns in a concrete kind of people with a special lifestyle, it is for that PepsiCo has to pay a special attention on the lifestyle changes. Around the world Pepsi drinkers are defined, there is a kind of people who drinks Pepsi another kind who drinks Coca-Cola; it is for that they have to pay attention to the social mobility for not losing a possible market. – Taking into account that PepsiCo is trying to introduce itself in underdeveloped markets, they have to be careful with the possible problems with the governments of this countries, and with the problems could rise from PepsiCo act with the people of this countries. Technological influences: – PepsiCo is subject to new techniques of manufacturing, for their three business sectors, snack food, juices and soft drinks. It has to pay attention to the new distribution techniques. – And they have to fix their attention in the competence developed, to know about the new products. Porter’s Diamond: The Porter’s Diamond Analysis tries to explain the Competitive Advantage of Nations. There are four attributes of a nation comprise Porterâ₠¬â„¢s Diamond of national advantage, they are: Factor Conditions: The basic factor conditions are natural resources, climate, location, the more advanced factor conditions are skilled labour, infrastructure and technology. There are some of these factors that can be obtained by any company (like unskilled labour and raw materials) and, hence, do not generate sustained competitive advantage. Below is a market share structure, Pepsi has around the world as of 2007. Pepsi has a long standing commitment to protecting consumer whose trust and confidence in its products. In order to ensure that consumers stay inform about the quality of all Pepsi products sold in the world. Summary of the Pepsi Strategy Conclusion Assessing Pepsi’s marketing strategies; shows that Pepsi has made several right choices. With the existence of Coke, Pepsi can never lay claim to true originality. It is not that unique. So, before it entered the international market, it first familiarized its customers with its product thoroughly in its home base and lowering their prices. By the time Pepsi was ready to enter the international market, it had a good grasp of what its target audience really is. In conclusion, Pepsi’s marketing strategies, from past to present includes: enhancing their distribution system, knowing the environment of the foreign market and finding the things their target buyers had in common, adding new innovations and products while improving the old products, imaginative advertising, use of advanced technology, assertive promotions, trendy, socially-aware campaigns, alliances with major corporations and expansion into other industries such as restaurants. Al in a one Pepsi-Cola  concentrates on markets where it could prosper alongside  Coca-Cola,  rather than trying to defeat it and its still progressing well. The King III Report and its implications in IT Introduction King III states that – In contrast to the King I and II codes, King III applies to all entities regardless of the manner and form of incorporation or establishment applies to all entities regardless of the manner and form of incorporation or establishment. Unlike previous reports, King III deals with IT governance in detail. According to the introduction of the Report: information systems were used as an enabler to business, but have now become pervasive in the sense that they are built into the strategy of the business and the risks involved in information technology (IT) governance have become significant. The King Report III provides a list of best practice principles which have become an indispensable guide on Corporate Governance to directors, executives and regulators alike. King III provides guidance to all corporate entities on various governance related aspects, including: Ethical leadership and corporate citizenship, Boards and directors, Audit committees, The governance of risk , The governance of information technology (IT), Compliance with laws, rules, codes and standards, Internal audit, Governing stakeholder relationships, Integrated reporting and disclosure. IT governance Unlike previous reports, King III deals with IT governance in detail for the first time. In exercising their duty of care, directors should ensure that prudent and reasonable steps have been taken in regard to IT Governance. IT governance should focus on four key areas: †¢ Strategic alignment with the business and collaborative solutions, including the focus on sustainability and the implementation of ‘green IT’ principles; †¢ Value delivery: concentrating on optimizing expenditure and proving the value of IT; †¢ Risk management: addressing the safeguarding of IT assets, disaster recovery and continuity of operations; †¢ Resource management: optimizing knowledge and IT infrastructure. KEY PRINCIPLES OF THE KING III REPORT The Report places great emphasis on: †¢ Leadership; †¢ Sustainability; and †¢ Corporate Citizenship. The importance of the concepts of integrated sustainability and social Transformation is highlighted. This leads to a lasting concentration on the effects of business on society and the environment. The concept of sustainability is linked with the evaluation of ethics and the improvement of ethical standards in business and in the community. The Minister of Environmental Affairs has pointed out that, unless measures are adopted, greenhouse gas emissions in South Africa will quadruple by 2050. This would result in South Africa becoming a pariah nation. Sustainability reporting is also emphasized in the need to utilize suppliers from amongst previously disadvantaged people. The success of companies in the 21st century is likely to involve: †¢ The natural environment; †¢ The social environment; †¢ The political system; and †¢ The global economy. The King III Report has placed great emphasis on an integrated report, which will evaluate the company’s impact on the economic life of the community in which it operates, as well as many other matters. Conclusion The release of King III is welcomed and represents a significant advance in good corporate governance that looks to the future. Companies will also find King III more user-friendly, in particular the new format of the Code which briefly sets out the recommended best practices against the applicable principles, should constitute a handy quick reference guide. In addition, the Practice Notes, when released, will greatly assist with implementation and going forward, the Institute of Directors will also be developing tools to assist different types of entities identify how to apply relevant principles and recommendations. All in one I would say the release of King III is welcomed and represents a significant advance in good corporate governance that looks to the future. Companies will also find King III more user-friendly, in particular the new format of the Code which briefly sets out the recommended best practices against the applicable principles, should constitute a handy quick reference guide. In addition, the Practice Notes, when released, will greatly assist with implementation and going forward, the Institute of Directors will also be developing tools to assist different types of entities identify how to apply relevant principles and recommendations. Reference http://www. sirpepsi. com/pepsi11. htm â€Å"compiled by 2002† http://www. radessays. com http://www. bookrags. com http://www. allbusiness. com. http://www. peerpapers. com http://www. michalsons. com/king-3-published-for-comment/1463 http://www. pwc. com/en_ZA/za/assets/pdf/pwc-draft-kingiii-presentation-09. pdf How to cite Stretegic Analysis of Pepsi, Papers

Barbie Doll Poem Analysis Essay Example For Students

Barbie Doll Poem Analysis Essay Margie Pearcys Barbie DollMargie Pearcys Barbie Doll details the image that society projects upon and expects from its young female population. From an early age these young women struggle to conform to the standards that society has defined for them. The results often are disastrous, leading to emotional conflicts that are often difficult if not impossible to resolve. Beautiful, flawless dolls such as Barbie are frequently the first source of association that little girls have with the values placed on them by society. Parents give little toddlers dolls, miniature stoves, and cherry-candy colored lipsticks (2-4) for playthings. This would seem innocent enough, but already the guidelines are being set for what society at large expects girls to be. At this young age, little girls cannot really differ from what is expected since they are under the complete influence of their parents. Engulfed with these types of presents, the child is already learning her role in society. In puberty, during these most tumultuous years, the girl child is dealt a cruel blow by a peer who tells her she has a big nose and fat legs (5-6). Here we see the beginning of the conflict that will plague the young girl. The second of stanza of Barbie Doll demonstrates the inner conflict these young girls are experiencing as they become acutely aware of how different they may be from what society perceives as the ideal female. Although a girl can be healthy and intelligent, it is not expected for her to possess the physical qualities of strong arms and back, abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity (8-9). These typify male traits, and young girls begin to perceive these as negative and unnatural for themselves. Feeling less than Page 2worthy or valuable, the girl feels she owes society an apology for possessing these characteristics (10). Percy drive the point home by writing, everyone saw a fat nose on big legs (11). This line emphasizes the ugliness the girl feels by not measuring up to be the perfect or ideal female, a standard set by society. At this point, the girl begins the struggle to achieve the ideal female persona , that Barbie Doll image with the perfect face, hair, and unrealistic figure. Not only does society set standards for physical attributes, it also dictates stereotypical behavior of the female toward members of the opposite sex. The girl is told to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, smile, and wheedle (12-14) to attract men. She is to employ manners that are actually fake, not a true representation of what she is on the inside. In addition to feeling she must look beautiful and thin, the girl is pressured to act in a pretentious manner to be accepted by society as an ideal member of her sex. She must play up to men and say and do things that will bolster the male ego and solidify her role as the ultimate female. This type of prog ramming instills a sense of losing ones inner self. Her good nature wore out like a fan belt (15-16) symbolizes this loss of self and a change in the girls attitude. As a result of compromising or losing her true self to the demands of society, the young girl/woman is confronted with the realization that living this fake existence has left her lonely, empty, and in pain. Dejected and depressed, she symbolically cut off her nose and her legs and offered them up (17-18). The girls emotional suffering is so intense that she chooses death as the solution to end her pain and to compensate for losing her true identity, the Page 3one society failed to recognize and nurture. .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 , .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .postImageUrl , .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 , .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:hover , .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:visited , .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:active { border:0!important; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:active , .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4 .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0e357f50e2a69a733a62f38effa3cc4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: French Revolution EssayIn the fourth and final stanza of Barbie Doll Pearcy utilizes ironic imagery toconvey to the readers the senseless manner in which society views young women. The girl is seen in her casket with the undertakers cosmetics painted on, a turned-up putty nose (20-21). These images continue the farce and conceal the effects that society has inflicted on its victim. Her caretakers have her dressed in a pink and white nightie (22) in order to maintain the ultimate feminine image. Tragically and ironically, the girl is recognized as pretty only in death as noted in line 23. Even here, however, society fails to see the real person. They see the image that a mi sguided society has created. The author writes, Consummation at last (24) to convey to us that in death the girl has achieved societys goal for her, to mold her into a real life Barbie Doll. To every woman a happy ending (25) continues societys deception that a woman is happy and fulfilled if she possesses physical beauty and acts in a certain manner. Barbie Doll offers a sad but realistic view of the drastic consequences that can occur from living in a society that judges young women by unrealistic, false, and superficial values. Too often society fails young women by refusing to recognize, appreciate, and value true beauty, that which lies in young girls hearts, spirits, and characters. These are the only true things that make a young lady beautiful, and the only qualities that can provide lasting happiness.

English Speech Essay Example

English Speech Paper What is a distinctive voice? How are great ideas communicated? What do you want your audience to think, feel, act or do? I am here to tell you all these things so listen up as I try to convince you that effective speeches require a distinctive voice. I will explore the effects of distinctive voices In Martin Luther Kings l have a dream speech, John. F. Keenness Inaugural address and Nelson Mandelas Inaugural address. Passion Is a fundamental aspect of speeches and It comes through the sustained use language techniques, which Martin Luther King Jar explored in his l have a dream speech. MILK was a passionate leader and a civil rights activist who pushed for racial quality in America in 1963. Kings lavish use of metaphors such as America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked Insufficient funds which signifies how America has overlooked the Negroes, is a clear representation of how distinctive voices need great ideas. One of the key Ideas King proposed was racial discrimination for Instance the Negro Is soul languishing In the corners of American society and finds himself an exile In his own land portrays the white peoples disclaim towards the Negroes. Another strong adaptor are slaves for example, I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. Slaves implies Injustice and Is a highly evocative word for both black and white people. Slave-owners were white and black and white are thus bought together. Hence, red hints at blood, implying the pain, struggle and injustice the Negroes suffered. Kings preaching voice confirms he was a Baptist minister and is reflected in biblical illusions such as Let us seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness which evokes Jeremiah 2:1 5 and represents a heartbreaking voice of Negroes In despair. We will write a custom essay sample on English Speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on English Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on English Speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer HIS persuasiveness further helped change the nations racial landscape for the better and motivated the audience to act or change their attitude. His preaching and passionate voice along with the use of language techniques portrays how great ideas need great voices. Im sure many of you have heard candidates presenting Inaugural addresses after elections. Have you heard of John. . Kennedys Inaugural address? J. F. K was the 1 OFF youngest man elected us president Ana ten TLS Roman catholic president . Nine voice that is evident in his speech is a hopeful voice of a political leader striving for peace which is highlighted in metaphors such as tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, which represents the Cold war. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of poverty and all forms of human life is another compelling metaphor which demonstrates that we can eradicate poverty but we can also take away life. Jiffs inclusive language such as We is fascinating because he is including all Americans in his belief. Emotive language such as We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and success of liberty appeals to the audiences emotions and helps to achieve his aim for freedom and human rights. Rhetorical questions such as Will you join in that historic effort? Leaves the audience thinking whether they will adhere to forging against enemies and combat for peace and freedom. Can you see how his read ideas shine because of his passionate voice, inclusive language, and language techniques? Most of you have probably heard of the famous name Nelson Mandela. Mandela was the first black president of South Africa who got rid of apartheid and helped end legal racial segregation in his nation. His Inaugural address can be described as a motivational, persuasive and inspirational speech. It represents the voice of a visionary and an enthusiastic leader as seen in metaphors like such as the depth of the pain we all carried in our hearts as we saw our country tear itself apart in a rebel conflict which refers to the anguish they endured through the apartheid system. His passion and courage embodied a distinctive voice that exclaims their rights for freedom, Justice and peace which is highlighted in metaphors like Valley of darkness, which refers to the desolation they lived in, and blood-thirsty forces who still refuse to see the light. Mandela found success because he was able to make people want him to win, engage their emotions and involve them in his endeavourers and make it their own. Parallelisms such as he time for the healing of wounds has come the moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come the time to build is upon us God bless Africa! portrays their progress into a new beginning and shows he has found a way to dig deep into South Africans hearts. Emotive language such as We shall build the society in which all South Africans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall, without fear in their hearts is very touching and is similar to Kings dream where little black boys and black girls will be able to Join hands with little white girls ND white boys. His charisma, self-depreciating sense of humor and lack of bitterness over his harsh treatment as well as the use of native tongue within the speech makes It powerful Ana relevant to onlookers scallop. I nose qualities snap his meanings and reflected a distinguished voice. Now are you convinced that effective speeches require a distinctive voice? You should now have a broader understanding of how great ideas need great voices. Without a passionate, courageous, confident and a distinctive voice, your speech will not be very effective in retorting your key ideas and accomplishing success. Ideas shape the course of history and a distinctive voice is the root of great ideas. These great speaker with great voices have changed the universe by inspiring people so never doubt that a small, group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. I therefore challenge you to participate in this process whenever you say a speech because who knows? Maybe one day youll be an effective leader like Mandela, Kennedy or King or you can participate in creating change to make the world a better place.

Free Essays on Computer Crimes is Increasing

Computer Crime Is Increasing A report discussing the proposition that computer crime has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. Introduction Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of whites of these types of crimes are complex embezzlements that might occur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to steal or alter valuable information from an employer. Variety and Extent Since the first cases were reported in 1958, computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses i.e. persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. Much of known computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers. This method of computer crime is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program to change data already in the computer. Now that personal computers with the ability to communicate by telephone are prevalent in our society, increasing numbers of crimes have been perpetrated b... Free Essays on Computer Crimes is Increasing Free Essays on Computer Crimes is Increasing Computer Crime Is Increasing A report discussing the proposition that computer crime has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. Introduction Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of whites of these types of crimes are complex embezzlements that might occur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to steal or alter valuable information from an employer. Variety and Extent Since the first cases were reported in 1958, computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses i.e. persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. Much of known computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers. This method of computer crime is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program to change data already in the computer. Now that personal computers with the ability to communicate by telephone are prevalent in our society, increasing numbers of crimes have been perpetrated b...

Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper Essay

Conflict Between Research and Ethics Paper - Essay Example Thirty years have passed since the completion of Tuskegee Syphilis Study, however, the society is still horrified with the unethical treatment of minorities group under this study. Recently, President Bush has addressed the public with the speech in which he has apologized for the actions of medical professionals for shifting the health dangers to specific minority groups. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was conducted for forty years (1932-1972) with 400 poor and illiterate African Americans became part of it. This study has arisen many debates in society with the majority labeling it as unethical. First, the study was conducted without the proper care to its subjects and has resulted in the changes in how the patients are protected if they participated in medical researches. Second, not a single person has given an informed consent and was not informed about the diagnosis. These people who have agreed to participate were told that they have bad blood and are able to receive the free treatment (Gray, 1998). It is hardly possible for the similar situation to occur today because the research participants are not only protected by ethics, but by the law as well. Not a single study will start if the participants have not given the informed consent and are aware about all possible outcomes and side effects of acquired disease and treatment procedure. Of course, it is not always possible to predict all possible effects of the tested treatments and their impact on the human body (the medical research is conducted in the struggle to find out the more effective treatment), however, it is possible to predict some of the effects and the participants should be informed about them. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was the continuation of the Oslo Study (1928) with the only difference that Oslo study was retrospective - the health professionals have studied the patients who have already contracted syphilis and remained untreated for some time, while under Tuskegee study was prospective - the health professionals could observe and study the patients (nothing could be done therapeutically). Eventually the study has become the longest experiment on human beings in the medical history in the result of which 74 individuals have remained alive, 28 males have died directly because of syphilis, 100 died because of complications, 40 wives have been infected and 19 children were born with syphilis (Jones, 1993). It is obvious that the initial goal to benefit the society was not accomplished and the primary objective of all health professionals - do not harm - has been rudely violated. Dozens of healthy people have been infected intentionally and the harm made to their health and future lives cannot be underestimated. In the further investigation of the conducted research, many interesting details have become known to public. For example, in order to ensure that the patients will show up for the expected diagnosis, all of them have received the misleading letter promising the special free treatment. In addition, all of the participants had to undergo autopsy after death even though nothing was said about this requirement in the beginning. As the result, many of the patients did not receive the treatment they needed - health professionals just observed the fatal progression of the diseases - in other words, doctors observed whether their patients

Physical Inactivity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Inactivity - Research Paper Example This paper reviews the literature available to know more about various consequences of childhood physical inactivity. Millar and Dean (2012), pointed out that â€Å"Obesity is the most significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in childhood. The main causes of obesity and diabetes in the developed and the developing world include a lack of adequate physical activity (Millar and Dean, 2012). The intrusion of internet, computers and mobile phones, forced children to shift their attention from painful physical activities to less painful mental activities. From the above data, it is evident that girls are undergoing severe harassments both in the family and in other social circles because of overweight. Such harassments can affect the development of self-esteem among children. â€Å"According to the WHO, the regional differences in overweight and obesity could be explained by a number of factors including differences in socioeconomic status and the availability and preferences of food and leisure-time physical activities† (Malkogeorgos, 2010, p.137). Different countries have different overweight statistics among teenage community. This is because of the differences in life styles and eating habits in different countries. It should be noted that underweight is the problem among children in some of the poor African countries whereas in American and European countries children are suffered because of overweight. It is evident from the figure that only 7% of the available 39% of other than classroom hours is used for physical workouts. TV watching and reading take 26% of the available 39% of leisure time. All these facts clearly show that modern children are using negligible time for physical workouts and the percentage of physical inactivity time is more than the desired level. Adegoke and Oyeyemi (2011) mentioned the consequences associated with physical inactivity. In their opinion, â€Å"Physical inactivity is