Governess Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyre essay

Governess Relationships in Brontes Jane Eyre The prudish governess suffered friendlyly because of her position. The relationship between her and others that were in her class was strained because of her financial particular. She often suffered from status incongruity. The relationship between a governess and a gentleman was difficult because she was not his financial equal (Peterson 13). While the relationship was strained in her refreshing Jane Eyre, Bronte leads us to believe that it is not alto bindher impossible. When speaking of the governess and relationships we must first deal with status incongruity in the novel. There are several instances in Jane Eyre where the social strain is clearly displayed. The scene that takes place just before the charades give us a clear depiction of status incongruity leave alone you play? he Rochester asked. I shook my head. He did not insist, which I rather feared he would have done he allowed me to return quietly to my public seat. He an d his aids now withdrew behind the curtain the other party which was headed by Colonel Dent, sat down on the crescent of chairs. One of the gentlemen, Mr. Eshton, observing me, seemed to shoot for that I should be asked to join them but Lady Ingram instantly negatived the notion. NO I heard her say she looks too stupid for any game of the sort. (185 ch. 18) emplacement incongruity is well displayed here. Rochester (not willing to exclude her) invites Jane to play charades, but offers no protests when she rejects his offer. Jane does not want to participate because she feels uncomfortable. Avoiding the game of charades was Janes way of escaping a situation which might have made both parties uncomfortable. She does not want to be placed in a si... ...ndependency (437 ch. 38). It is only when Jane has money of her own and is re-established in the social class to which she belonged that her marriage is able to take place without objections, or further complications. Bronte takes the i mpossible relationship, and makes it a reality. She does this, however, without losing the realism of the relationship. Jane Eyre is not a story of Cinderella and Prince Charming, Jane does not get rescued. In fact Jane works her way up the social ladder, accomplishing marriage without the social strain it would have had if she were still a governess. Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Beth Newman. Boston Bedford, 1996. Hughes, Kathryn. The Victorian Governess. London Hambledon, 1993. Peterson, Jeanne. The Victorian Governess. Suffer and Be Still. Ed. Martha Vicinus. London Indiana UP, 1972.

Free Capital Mobility and Capital Control :: Essays Papers

Economists, albeit, argue for rationalize trade, but when it comes down to the idea of untrammeled swell flow, it doesnt depend to get unanimous support. It is a natural phenomenon that al just about everything we see in nature (i.e. fluid, air, etc) travels down the concentration gradient. Same way, it had been thought that freeing international neat flow would help the countries that are struggling economically as the cap should flow down the concentration gradient but in reality it doesnt quite happen that way. During the 1980s, worlds economic policy makers prevailing view was that money should move freely around the globe, allowing capital to find the most profitable and productive investments, no matter what country there happen to be in. Wessel, Davis, 1998 Even though policy makers want to make the world a safer place for free trade in goods, services and capital, according to Rodrik .. the idea of global capitalism is inherently impracticable. big(p)ism is, and will remain, a national phenomenon. (Rodrik)Capital is the most important ingredient of a countrys economic existence. It is really important we understand what we really mean by the word capital. According to the Merriam- Webster dictionary, the etymology of the word capital says that in Medieval Latin this word came to mean the head of cattle or other livestock. De Soto in his book The brain-teaser of Capital suggests that the cattle and the livestock are low maintenance possessions they are mobile and can be moved away from danger they can be counted etc. On top of it, they can generate future value by reproducing, or giving us milk, meat, leather, etc. Thus the word capital begins to do two jobs simultaneously- capturing the physical dimension of the assets (livestock) and its potential to generate future surplus (Paraphrased, De Soto, 2000 pg.40-41). So, capital of a country is a very important instalment for its stable economy. All the countries, rich and poor, have capital s in their own place. But, some countries know how to inject life to their capitals while the rest of the other countries dont- and thats what makes all the difference.Economists have argued for free trade of goods and services for hundreds of years but free capital mobility is a fairly new phenomenon. We have learned that free trade of goods is beneficial for the consumer it also boosts peoples living standard.

McDonalds :: essays research papers

I.IntroductionMcDonalds has always been a leader in the fast fodder industry. Through its dynamic market expansion, new products and special promotional strategies, it has succeeded in making a name for itself in the minds of the target customers. However, McDonalds earnings has declined in the late 1990s and 2000s. This is mainly due to a fiercely war-ridden industry and variety in customer tastes and preferences.II.Statement of the ProblemHow can McDonalds increase its sales, market share and profits in a fiercely warring industry?III.ObjectivesMcDonalds objectives are to reverse the decline of sales, to continue staying ahead of the competition in the fast food industry and to find new strategies that would help the restaurant successfully compete in the a fiercely competitive market.IV.Areas of ConsiderationSituationEating habits of Americans are changingYounger consumers are getting commonplace of fast food and are becoming wellness consciousGrowing dissatisfaction with th e quality aspect of fast food restaurants such as McDonaldsFast food is losing its sense of appeal to the large group of customers who frequently eat outEnvironmentanother segment of the fast-food industry is comprised of a non-hamburger restaurants, growing trend is miserable customers to non-burger sandwichesincrease in the fast-casual segment that includes restaurants that offer deli sandwiches and more upscale meals with more comfortable surroundings but fasterBackgroundMcDonalds has added new products on its menuAdvertising message focused on tasty and nutritious food, friendly folks and funInvested heavily in advertising and improving its everyday imageOpened first domestic McCafeCustomersrecognize the importance of drive-through customers (try to increase the speed of drive-through delivery)Importance of heavy users of fast-food restaurantsThreatsMcDonalds cheap and greasy imageMajor Competitors in the Hamburger SegmentBurger King Corp. that offers an array of value-priced offerings and makes kitchen and drive through upgradesHardees that continually introduce new items in the menu and join the price-promotion burger warsWendys supranational who has the strongest same-store-sales gains in recent yearsMajor Competitors in the Non-Hamburger SegmentPizza Hut that dominates the Pizza SegmentKFC that uses programs to attract kids and families to its food offeringsTaco Bell that behave successful high-priced offeringsV.Alternative Causes of Action & AnalysisIn todays market, McDonalds faces numerous challenges such as fierce competition, a more health conscious customer, and the continual need for improved customer satisfaction and menu. McDonalds needs to go through some changes in order to remain ahead in the fast-food industry. Alternative 1McDonalds should focus greatly on building good customer relationship and uphold customer retention. This is done by allocating time and cipher in improving their resources and making changes that actually cater to their customers needs and comfort.

Prohibition - The Noble Experiment :: American America History

barrier - The Noble ExperimentIn 1920 congress began what was called The Noble Experiment. This experiment began with the signing of the eighteenth amendment of the constitution into law. It was titled by party as Prohibition. Websters dictionary defines prohibition as A prohibiting, the forbidding by law of the manufacture or sale of alcoholic liquors. Prohibition can extract to mean the foreboding of any number of substances. I define it as a social injustice to the human race as we know it. Prohibition was designed to rid the country of businesses that manufactured, sold, and or distributed alcoholic beverages. The eighteenth amendment made it a violation of the constitution to do and of the before mentioned. This was a crime punishable up to the Supreme Court. The original idea was that Americans as a whole were unhealthy, there was too much crime and corruption, and that people were being burdened by excess taxes that poorhouses and prisons were creating. What happened? The cheap alcohol being illegally produced killed more Americans, crime and corruption went up, taxes were raised to fund the law enforcement needed to enforce prohibition, and the prisons became overcrowded. Some would corroborate you believe that crime decreased during prohibition. Well, it did. Crime decreased, as a whole, by 37.7% during prohibition. However violent crime and other serious crimes were up. Theft of property was up 13.2%, homicide was up m16.1%, and robbery was up 83.3%. Minor crimes had decreased though- by 50%. Crimes such as malicious mischief, public swearing, vagrancy, etc. (Dr. Fairburn pg 75-80) The prohibition movement did induce its fair share of supporters however. The most active in the movement was the Womens Christian Temperance Union. They worked hard in campaigning towards this amendment and gathered, what is now believed today, as to be biased statistics. For example one area that the WCTU attacked was the saloons and in particular the sale of distil led spirits, hard alcohol. The WCTU claimed drinking during prohibition was down 30% as opposed to pre-prohibition. However as a percentage to total alcohol sales the consumption of distilled spirits was up from 50% (pre-prohibition) to an astonishing 89% during prohibition. Most estimates place the potency of prohibition-era products at 150+ percent of the potency of products produced either before or after prohibition (qtd. In Henry Lee 202) Prohibition did not succeed at all. In order for prohibition to achieve what it was set to do it had to meet four specific guidelines.

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Kate Chopins The AwakeningIn Kate Chopins, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier came in contact with many variant people during a summer at Grand Isle. Some had teeny-weeny influence on her life while others had every social occasion to do with the way she lived the rest of her life. The influences and actions of Robert Lebrun on Edna led to her realization that she could never get what she wanted, which in turn caused her to arrest her own life. In the Creole culture, outward affection and expression were a common thing. Edna, being brought up in Kentucky, was at first a poor confused. . .by the Creoles gentle c bess. She was non accustomed to an outward and spoken expression of affection, either in herself or in others, (Chopin 22). Robert knew that Edna was non of Creole background and that she might non take his flirting as simply that. Yet, he still continued to playfully pursue Edna like the women which he had been devoting himself to each summer for the past xi years. He did not understand that what he was doing was wrong in the culture that Edna had been brought up with. Once, when Robert laid his head against Ednas arm, she brushed him off. He then did it again and Edna could not but believe it to be thoughtlessness on his part yet that was no reason she submit to it, (15). Edna was at first disturbed by Roberts actions. Because she did not know about the Creole culture, she allowed Robert to flirt with her and she actually took him seriously. The flirting resulted in her starting to fool feelings for him and to wonder about her place in life. Another thing was that Robert was not blind to the whole situation and that Edna would not understand his flirting. When Madame Ratignolle was walking back to the house with Robert, she flat out warned him about what he was doing. Let Mrs. Pontellier alone. . .she is not one of us she is not like us. She might make the unfortunate blunder of taking you seriously, (27). Robert argues that there is no possibility of Edna taking him seriously. That whole communication only reiterates that Robert does not understand what he is getting Edna and himself into. Robert finally realized what was happening between Edna and him. He started to have feelings for her that he could not control. When he told everyone that he was going to Mexico for business, it was actually to get away from ... ...ike almost everyone else, Leonce also did not think that anything would come out of Roberts flirting with Edna. Leonce did not realize that Edna was not brought up in the Creole culture and would not know how to deal with the way that Robert acted. He allowed Robert and Edna to go out together without even thinking twice. He did not see anything wrong with the two of them doing everything together. Even though it was common in the Creole culture for people to openly show their feelings, Leonce should have realized that Edna, because of her different upbringings, would not know how to deal with Roberts actions. In one way or another he was the one that helped start their feeling towards each other. Although there are a few more small examples about how Leonce might have caused Edna to take her life, the influence that Robert had over her is even more overpowering. Because of Robert, Edna realized that she was not elated with who or where she was and decided to drastically change everything that she was accustomed to. If Edna Pontellier had never met Robert Lebrun, she may never have realized how unhappy she was, and, in turn, may never have chosen to end her life.

My Trip To The Dominican Republic :: essays research papers

My trip to the Dominica n RepublicI was to render to the Dominican Republic at 10p.m. on a Thursday night. My flight was with towboat Air and it was leaving John F. Kennedy airport. I had to be thither three hours before departure and I was I was there at 7p.m. It felt the likes of they longest wait of my life. At 930p.m,they announced that we would not be leaving on time because the plane had technical difficulties. Our flight would now leave at 12p.m. I couldnt believe this was happening to me. It was a nightmargon. They had already changed my flight like five times before. I was leaving one day, and so I was leaving the next and so on. Then they wait for the last minute and the food shop had closed, so there is about a steady-going 200 or so people without food and all upset cursing up a storm. To top it all off, half of the people there were teenagers going to the Dominican Republic to play baseball. Can you imagine? A hundred something kids hungry and sleepy screaming their lungs out.However, the nightm atomic number 18 wasnt over. They got us on the plane at about 2a.m because the plane wasnt ready. I couldnt get on the plane because I kept buzzing when I passed the thread detectors, so that took another 20 minutes. Then we are on the plane and the plane isnt moving, and we are waiting and waiting and no explanation. After a while the plane begins to move. It when around the run way and then they tell us we must get of the plane. It needed more service repairs. At this position Im like give me my money back, and in return they call the cops because we were making to much noise. They fix the problem around 530a.m and we are off again. Keep in mind we havent eaten and no food was given. I didnt even get water. I thought this was a sign of god and my time had come for me to die, but I made it there in one piece.At our arrival the planes door wouldnt ease up and they said we might have to return to New York. I couldnt believe this. I was ready to jump out a window. Finally we are let out of the plane and I had to wait like three hours for my grandfather to come pick me up.

My Trip To The Dominican Republic :: essays research papers

My trip to the Dominica n RepublicI was to leave to the Dominican Republic at 10p.m. on a Thursday night. My flight was with Tower advertize and it was leaving John F. Kennedy airport. I had to be there three hours before departure and I was I was there at 7p.m. It felt like they long-dated wait of my life. At 930p.m,they announced that we would not be leaving on time because the categoric had technical difficulties. Our flight would now leave at 12p.m. I couldnt believe this was happening to me. It was a nightmare. They had already changed my flight like five times before. I was leaving one day, then I was leaving the next and so on. Then they wait for the last minute and the food shop had closed, so there is about a good cc or so people without food and all upset cursing up a storm. To top it all mop up, half of the people there were teenagers passing to the Dominican Republic to play baseball. Can you imagine? A hundred something kids hungry and sleepy screaming their lungs out.However, the nightmare wasnt over. They got us on the plane at about 2a.m because the plane wasnt ready. I couldnt get on the plane because I kept buzzing when I passed the medal detectors, so that took another 20 minutes. Then we are on the plane and the plane isnt moving, and we are waiting and waiting and no explanation. After a term the plane begins to move. It when around the run way and then they tell us we must get of the plane. It needed more service repairs. At this point Im like give me my money back, and in return they call the cops because we were making to much noise. They fix the problem around 530a.m and we are off again. Keep in mind we havent eaten and no food was given. I didnt even get water. I thought this was a signal of god and my time had come for me to die, but I made it there in one piece.At our arrival the planes door wouldnt open and they express we might have to return to New York. I couldnt believe this. I was ready to jump out a window. Finally w e are let out of the plane and I had to wait like three hours for my grandfather to come pick me up.

Spain’s Golden Age Essay

Spain was at its most glorious stately topographic point in the seventeenth Century. at the clip when Miguel de Cervantes wrote his originitative novel. com/english-4-b-calpac/Don Quixote . The state had naturalised its settlements all over the universe. commanding Mexico. Peru. Cuba. the Americas. and even traveling every bit far as Asia. in the Philippines. Silver and gold poured in to catapult Spain in economic and political luster. doing it the worlds world power at that clip.Historians call this period the aureate age of Spain. However. it was besides during this glorious epoch that Spain had ruthlessly suffered its inevitable licking. the most popular of which is the devastation of the Spanish armada in 1588. by English forces. Because of this. the state found itself in an untypical. conflicting period. a period wherein a new age was lifting to the surface. a period wherein the state was suspended between magnificence and debasement.While the cause of Spains diminution is pr oblematic. one thing is historically certain its male monarchs were holding problem with pull offing the huge districts. and legion counter events. like the pestilence in Castille that claimed many Spanish lives. contributed to the agriculturals saddening destiny. Catholicism. Spains dominant faith was besides on the diminution. spurring struggles against other faiths like Islam and Protestantism. stemming from the campaigns in earlier history. These notable historical happenings be observable in Don Quixote . since the novel illustrates the extremely diverse Spanish sociological and political experience at that clip.However. it is Cervantes personal experience. sociological and political. that serves as the most stringy beginning of the novel. It contains elements in analogue with the novelists ain life for case. the Algerian plagiarists looking on the Spanish seashore. the Moors being exiled. the Spanish captives neglecting to get away are similar events in Cervantes ain life . Spain The seventeenth Century Superpower Page 04 The sociological and political construction of seventeenth Century Spain had a direct. powerful act upon in the authorship of Spains authoritative aureate novel.The Romances Spains seventeenth Century Literary Tradition The dominant literary tradition in this gold age was the mediaeval do affairs. Spains Arts and Humanities were loaded with popular Hagiographas of knights continuing courage. The chief characters of these narratives and poetries were knights who set out protecting and salvaging those who are weak. who go from one topographic point to another to make good workss. The recognize affairs contained melodramatic tones and overdone heroic efforts that the emotions illustrated seemed to be excessively sentimental. and the events portrayed seemed to be excessively heroically impossible.The chief character of the fresh Don Quixote. was besides a knight who set out to salvage people. but he was portrayed in a humourous visible radiation. and his escapades were played out in such a pathetic manner that it was clear the novel is a lampoon. a jeer of the knightly love affairs so popular in Cervantes clip. The novel. in this context. was a vituperative commentary of the literary tradition of the love affairs. The upholding of knightly ideals in the novel. nevertheless. produced another commentary on Spains seventeenth century literary tradition. this one being rather positive.Cervantes was careful non to assault the codification of gallantry because he himself believed in it. The ideals may be communicated in a humourous mode. and through a humourous character. but the message was quite apparent the feeling in knightly ideals is neer incorrect. Don Quixote was a novel that educated its readers at the clip when they most needed such an direction. The diminution of Spain was evident. and yet its literati kick upstairs romantic literature which subscribed to impossible efforts and overdone Spains Golde n Age Page 05 characters.The broad credence and phenomenal success of Don Quixote save proved that Spains literary market genuinely appreciated the enlightenment provided by Cervantes. Springboard for the Novel. Don Quixote The historical context and the literary purification of Spain in the seventeenth century served as major prompters for the authorship of Don Quixote. We can clearly see that Miguel de Cervantes was greatly influenced by the sociological. political and literary conditions in his clip that he incorporated and used these real-life elements in his novel.Cervantes relied on his societal and political experience to bring forth a literary work that reverberates with sociological and political subjects. subjects which are in perfect consonant rhyme with his real-life scene. Spains double status of magnificence and debasement in his clip prompted Cervantes to research the subjects of human individualization and morality. supplying a commentary on the societal mores. M ore significantly. the novel is rich with historical influences. of events that really happened in seventeenth century Spain.The literary civilization of seventeenth century Spain. on the other manus. played a cardinal function in the authorship of Don Quixote. for really obvious grounds. The knightly love affairs popular at that clip made the novel an interesting. extremist read because it departs from its expression. The characters. Don Quixote and his loyal squire Sancho Panza. embody the knightly ideals upheld by the love affairs. but they besides destroy the image of the impossibly heroic knight by being humourous imitations of gallantry. Furthermore. their pathetic escapades make a jeer of the overdone heroic efforts portrayed in the love affairs.These influences are strongly pronounced in the text of Don Quixote thereby turn outing that Miguel de Cervantes was a author who used his aureate age experience to compose a aureate novel. Spains Golden Age Page 06 References Barrio . J. F. ( 2007 ) . The aureate century. Si. Spain. Retrieved November 17. 2007 from SiSpain. org. & lt /http //www. sispain. org/english/ vocabulary/golden. html/ & gt Phillips. B. and Davidson. S. ( 2007 ) . SparkNote on Don Quixote. Retrieved November 17. 2007 from cgi. sparknotes. com. & lt /http //www. sparknotes. com/lit/donquixote/ & gt .

Emotional and Moral Development

Developmental psychologists recognized that when an individual begins life, we are all a honourable or in other words, an individual do not yet have the rudiments of honorable judgment. By the time an individual becomes adults, however, he/she may possess a complex notion of morality. Morality is defined by most(prenominal) psychology books is a system of personal determine and judgments about the fundamental rightness or wrongness of acts, and of an individuals obligations to behave in just ways that do not interfere with the rights of others.Moral emergence on the other hand, is the accomplishment of moral standards and the ability to make judgments. But how do an individual evolve from amoral to moral, from a total lack of understanding on responsibilities to a complex lore of right and wrong? This question has occupied the attention of many developmental psychologists. The two most influential psychological researchers on moral development were Lawrence Kohlberg and Piaget as Kohlbergs research on moral development was heavily influenced by Piagets cognitive development.According to Kohlberg, people proceed through stages in the development of moral reasoning. I would like to choose the tikeren, adolescence, and adulthood emotional and moral-related life events and apply understanding of emotional and moral development.Moral development in Children. Piaget (1975) called the first of all period in a childs moral development as moral realism. Before the age of seven or eight, the child has lowly concern for the reason that specific behaviors are allowed or forbidden he is a self-centered creature, and his mind does not seem flexible enough to in full comprehend the violation of rules as an interference with others (which theoretically, provides the basis for morality).Another label for the early moral realism period is the rules stage, a term that suggests that a child blindly follows rules without reason or unreasoning adherence to authority. For Kohlberg, this stage of moral development is kn consume as preconventional morality that is exemplified by most children at the preschool geezerhood (Fischer, 1993).Preconventional morality is a kind of self-serving approach to right and wrong where children tend to behave in received ways in order to invalidate being punished and in certain ways to obtain rewards. In his longitudinal study of moral judgment, Kohlberg (1976) reinterviewed several children at different points in time. At age 8, John, one of the participants, was asked, Why shouldnt you steal from a store?Johns preconventional response was Its not good to steal from the store. Its against the law. Someone could see you and call the police (Kohlberg, 1976). At this lowest direct of moral development, children have not internalized a personal code of morality. Rather, they are forge by the standards of adult caregivers and the consequences of adhering to or rejecting these rules.Moral development during Adolescence . It is during early adolescence stage that a persons sense of right and wrong typically matures to the level of conventional morality as Kohlberg calls it. Conventional morality is the level shown by most adolescents and some adults (Colby et al., 1983). Maintaining conventional expectations has a moral value in its own right. From Kohlbergs (1976) study at age 17, Johns conventional-level response to the question about stealing from a store was Its a enumerate of law. Its one of our rules that were trying to help to protect everyone.Its something thats needed in our society. If we didnt have these laws, people would steal, they wouldnt have to operate for a living. Here, the motivating force behind behaving in a just or moral fashion is the desire either to help others and gain their approval or to help maintain the social order. Individuals at the conventional level make moral judgments on the basis of expectations those of the family, the social group, or the nation at large . As young adolescents progress through these stages, they begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult or role models.Moral development in Adulthood. The following(a) level of moral judgment is postconventional level and only a few individuals may progress to this final level. Though a person may progress from conventional to postconventional level any time during adolescence, Kohlberg maintained that only about 25 percent of adults in the world progress beyond the conventional level, and most of these individuals do so sometime during their adult years.Moral judgments at the postconventional level transcend the authority of persons or conformity to groups. zero(prenominal), values and principles guide moral judgments. Individuals at this level may understand and accept societys rules and laws but tend to view them in terms of the underlying principles. Postconventional morality affirms peoples agreed-upon rights and exhibited in such statements as People have a right to live, If you steal the drug, you wont lived up to your own ideals.Hence it affirms values agreed on by society, including individuals rights and the need for democratically determined rules and guided by universal ethical principles in which they do what they envisage is right as a matter of conscience, even if their acts conflict with societys rules. As stated, not many people reach this level of moral reasoning. Only those who develop the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought may come to this level.Hence the exact nature of the stages and their sequence in moral development of an individual remain an open question. But one thing is clear though, that moral development is not fixed at adolescence, but kind of continues throughout adulthood. Also, how quickly and how far people progress in moral development depends on a number of factors, including their cognitive development. One thing is certain though, that moral judgment and moral behavior are important aspects of an individuals personality development.ReferencesColby, A., Kohlberg, L.,Gibbs, J., & Lieberman, M. (1983). A longitudinal study of moraldevelopment. Monographs of the Society for look for in Child Development, 48 (1-2,Serial No. 200).Fisher, K.W. (1993). Commentary Illuminating the processes of moral development.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48 (1-2, Serial No. 200).Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization The cognitive-developmental approach. InT. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior Theory, research and social issues.New York Holt, Rinehart, Winston.Piaget, J. (1975). The moral judgment of the child. New York The Free Press.

Enlightment Age

Enlightenment Age The Puritans believed that the sole purpose of writing was to bring the author to debase themselves before God. And teach them the true importance of humility. Puritans wrote mainly memoirs and sermons. Puritans thought the church did have errors, but could be reformed. Growing up in the compound days meant strict, and God fearing obedience education and religion were very important to them. In Mary Rowlandson writing, she was able to write about her Indian captures as more or less kind and friendly.This is far from what we have perceived of them. Mary Rowlandson believed what most Puritans did, that God was testing her faith and subalternness. Mary believed that her final escape was a lesson to make us the more knowledge his hand and to see that our help is always in him (American Literature). Puritans axiom God in everything God gave them trials and tribulations so they could learn to be humble and meek. From the capture of Mary Rowlandson, to Anne Bradstreets personal poems, we can see how much God had influence on their every thought, and every action.The Fundamentalist thinkers of the Enlightenment saw things quite diversely. They believed that writing was a method for recording logical reasoning, and often provoked rational thought. The Enlightenment era was a new intellectual ride that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. Even though different philosophers approached their goals differently, they achieved it none the less. They all approached their goal differently due to their different upbringings, their different backgrounds, and most importantly their different environments.The Enlightenment period was known as the Age of Reason. Deism was a belief that God was impartial and there was no revealed religion to select body of people. Many believed that the rights belonged to the people. For example, John Locke believed that citizens were entitled to set of natural rights. John Lockes philoso phies and the ideas of the Enlightenment influenced Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence. The en bear witness uses the idea of the Natural Law and justifies the reasons for escaping Great Britains rule.Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine wrote volumes on topics that questioned life, and the means by which one should live. Though there are a fewer small similarities between the writings of the two periods, there are considerably greater numbers of differences. Though the views of Puritans and Fundamentalists were dramatically different, they both believed in a definite code of morals and ethics. In both the Common Sense and The Crisis, No. 1. Thomas Paine uses metaphors to persuade the American Public to conserve supporting the Revolutionary state of war in The Crisis.Thomas Paine implements powerful metaphors to achieve the effect. In the Common Sense used literary style intended to appeal to the broad masses of people earlier than the elect few. Throughout his writing there is an emphasis upon the independence of the individual. In the beginning of the Crisis 1 the document begins with the telescopic sentence THESE are the times that try mens souls, which is contrary to the rest of the sentence lengths he uses.This makes the beginning omnipoint and interest the reader right off the get go. He uses capital garner to emphasize words such as freedom, tax, and bind when first presenting his argument. He also introduces strong negative diction, such as celestial and impious, that will continue throughout his writing. Paines writing was simple and direct, and his arguments turned on one or two accessible principles and pursued persuasion through clarity and repetition. j

Belonging: ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’, ‘Migrant Hostel’ and Photo Essay ‘Belongings: Felt, Presented, Challenged’

Belonging is the ability of an individual to reconcile identity with their social environment. spear Skrzyneckis poems Feliks Skrzynecki and migratory gild from the anthology Im migrant Chronicle explore this concept in relation to migrants during the post WWII period and are reflections of Henri Tajfels social identity theory. The photo essay entitled keeping felt, presented, challenged transfers these same principles to a modern context, illustrating the enduring nature of the struggle humanity faces in the endeavour to proceed.Feliks gardening in Feliks Skrzynecki can be seen as a response to the years of forced labour in Germany which left him at the mercy of bigger tides in the affairs of humanity. Once in Australia as social occasion of the post WWII influx of migrants, Feliks devotes himself to creating an environment which he can control. Stanza one and two establishes a sense of comfort and familiarity within the niche he has created for himself. Feliks recognises that be is gained done the possession of particular socially valued and accepted criteria.In an Australian context, uniformity is made the criteria for be, something which Feliks himself does not value highly, as expressed in Did your father invariably attempt to learn English? The condescending tone employed portrays the perceived societal value of assimilation and the representation of an unwelcoming society as seen from a migrants perspective. Henri Tajfels social identity theory states that a persons sense of self is based on their group membership(s) that in erect to increase our self-image we enhance the status of the group to which we belong (in group) and discriminate against the groups that we do not ( bring out group).Peter Skrzynecki presents a contradictory self-categorisation in the poem Feliks Skrzynecki. His (fathers) Polish friends always agitate hands too violently connotes cultural exclusivity and the affinity of the character reference with a non-Polish cultur e. Child voice serves to highlight the generation divide between Feliks and his son as Peter seeks to strengthen his sense of belonging in his new Australian culture by establishing his father and his Polish friends as the out group.Conversely and simultaneously, the persona distinguishes himself from the Australian bureaucracy through the use of derogatory, stereotypical language A crew cut, grey haired department clerk who asked me in dancing bear grunts. This highlights the difficulty of establishing a sense of belonging when conflicted with two cultural identities. The poem Migrant Hostel (Parkes 1949-51) explores the alienation of and animosity shown towards newcomers to Australian society. Nationalities sought each other out instinctively connotes the importance of familiarity, as expressed in Feliks Skrzynecki.Individuals are more able to reconcile their personal identity with the inherent involve to belong to a group in a known and familiar environment. The emotional and p hysical security provided by ones own cultural group is test of the pre-programmed biological need to form tribes. The migrants are dehumanised through a lack of information- left us wondering and unaware. The migrants pose a menace to current Australian pattern of existence and the construct of social Darwinism dictates that the new threat must be eliminated.In order for the individuals to maintain their feelings of belonging, the two groups are in a constant state of competition hence the hostility felt by the migrants is a result of competing identities. Consequently the perception that we must learn our right wing to belong permeates society. Belonging is not an inherent right of the human being, but something that is earned through socially valued criteria. Just as Feliks is denied acceptance by Australian society in Feliks Skrzynecki, so too are the migrants by a barrier at the main gate.Pointed in reprimand or shame. The migrants are made to feel prisoners, subverted to aut hority and needing its sanction to live their lives. Due to their alternate cultural identity migrants are excluded and alienated from society, revealing that t concept of belonging is heavily based on dominant culture. Belongings felt, presented, challenged explores perhaps the most conflicting yet thought provoking aspect of belonging that of the struggle between societys expectations of conformity and the individuals search for a unique sense of identity.The photo essay is compiled of images taken by victims persecuted for choosing not to belong to the popular vision of society. In the post 9/11 context, where choosing not to belong can result in civil wars and racial persecution, this simultaneous need to belong to society and an individuals own search for identity are harshly conflicted. Individual torment and dislocation is experienced by thousands of deal as they become the casualties of an internal jihad of ethics and instinct.The control exerted over these people is a gros s exaggeration of the control portrayed in Migrant Hostel and represents the dire consequences of the inability of the individual to reconcile personal identity with their social environment. The ability is indeed affected by the nature of the individuals context. The ideas about belonging communicated in Belongings felt, presented, challenged are such that some milieu do not foster individual thought but intrust solely on conformity as a basis for belonging. Any deviance from this structure results in persecution and in extreme cases, genocide.To a lesser extent, Peter Skrzynecki experienced these feelings of oppression and conveys the emotional isolation involved in the process of migration and assimilation. Migrant Hostel reveals the perception that we must earn our right to belong and the electric resistance faced by competing groups. Feliks Skrzynecki further explores this concept, looking at the effects of conflicting cultural identities on an individual and the affiliation with competing in and out groups. Thus belonging is determined by the ability to reconcile personal identity with social environment.

Influence of Rules and Regulation on Public Sector Accounting Practice

Title Rules And Regulation In Public Sector news report. Date / Time 07 October 2012 (Monday) / 400 Pm Location mode Spk308, Othman Yeop Abdullah Building (School Of Accounting. ) Guest Student Of Public Sector Accounting Group C Agenda Influence Of Rules And Regulation On Public Sector Accounting Practise.Last Sunday, we are discussing about the rule and regulation regarding Public Sector Accounting Practice. On that day, we are discussing about the article in federal right which on part sevensome (Financial Provision).Initiall(a)y, we must know about the establishment history of the Federal Constitution. Federal Constitution its also known it as the Malaysian Constitution. It is the written legal documentation that its formed establish on two previous documents of the Federation of Malaya Independence Constitution of 1948 and 1957. The legal drafted based on the advice of Reid Commission. Federal Constitution consists of several different parts. Public Sector Accounting Practic e is related to part VII in the Federal Constitution.These VII parts consist of several articles. The article starts from Article 96 until Article 112. This segment is focus on the financial provision for the government and invoke. Article 96, Indicates that no money nominate be raised by taxation or rates, nor hobo it be spent (except) under the authority of the federal law. Article 97, all revenues and monies raised or received by the Federal government shall be paid to the Federal Consolidated Fund and all revenues and monies received by the state shall be paid to the State Consolidated Fund.Article 98, Indicates that expenditure charge to the Federal Consolidated Fund include grant, remuneration of the royalties, pensions, debt charges, money to pay for court judgment. adjacent Article 99, Annual financial statements require the federal government to prepare and submit to the Parliament, statements of estimated receipts and estimated expenditure of the following year before the commencement of that year. similarly requires federal government to submit statement of assets and liabilities of last financial year.Article 100, Supply Bills indicates that expenditure to be met from the consolidated fund excluding charged expenditure shall be include in a bill known as Supply Bill. Article 101, if the amount appropriated (approved) by the Supply Act is insufficient, a supplementary budget can be prepared and submitted to Parliament. Article 102, Expenditure of unusual urgency not is included in the approved budget it needs to be approved by Parliament. Article 103, The purpose of the Contingencies Fund is to meet urgent and unforeseen need for expenditure for which no other provision exist.Article 104, Withdrawals from Consolidated Funds regulates payment for charged expenditure authorized by Supply Act and also Article 102. Article 105, Auditor General is appointed by the male monarch on the advice of the efflorescence Minister and after consultation wit h the Council of Rulers and is eligible for reappointment. Article 106, The Auditor General will perform such other duties as specified by the King on accounts of federal, states and other public authorities. Article 107, the audit report should be submitted to the King to be laid in the Parliament.The states accounts and other state authorities should be submitted to the state ruler for presentation to the State Legislative Assembly. Article 109, Grants for States indicates that Federal government shall make for to for each one state a grant, capitation grant. Article 110, Assignment of Taxes and Fees to the States, each state will receive portion of taxes collected within the states which receive 10% of export duties of mineral produced by states. Article 111, The Federation shall not adopt except under the authority of federal law and state.Last Article 112, Restrict alternation by states to any addition to its establishment or the establishment of any of its part or alter the rates of established salaries and emoluments. DISCUSSION We have conducted a discussion in the class. Before starting the presentation, we already began the discussion session. We ask the students to give their opinion about article 96 until article 112. one of our friends, Noor Amiera binti Jaafar gave her opinion regarding article number 97. She state, Federal Constitution related to government financial.Example Article 97, military issue to federal constitution, all revenue came from state will be accounted to the state government. Besides Noor Amiera, the others member also provides their own opinion like, Teoh Vin Sen he said state government will collect the money and revenue from state if under the federal government. Last but not least our friends Yap kit up Yeng, she gave an opinion regarding article number 96, and she said the federal government will collect the revenue from taxation. SUGGESTION 1.We suggest that its compulsory for every student to read the book befor e they came to the class in order to improve their participation. Moreover by reading before they came to the class, the objective of Student Centred Learning because they can give their own opinion about the discussed topics. 2. Each group should be more confident when they fate to do the presentation. Besides that, the presenter must make slide presentation clear. 3. Student should give the full attention when the presenter present about their chapter. Besides that, the presenter must point to the audience when they want the answer.

Physiological Adaption Fish Essay

Adaptation of Fish to Its surround BIO101 March 11,2013 Physiological Adaptation of Fish to Its Environment All organisms around the world argon sparsely distributed depending on the environment that best suited to their modes of survival. Organisms undergo adaptation an evolutionary exercise where they became nearly-suited to a particular. The process of adaptation happens through the natural selection, whereby nature selects those organisms that suit a certain habitat and sustain them for successive generation and ones that do not perish, hence the base of survival for the fittest.The surviving species pass the same favorable features to their generation for their further survival after a progressive reproduction. Physiological adaptation of fish to their habitat depends on what the nature favors to suit them. Below is the illustration of the external and internal features of a fish (Internal Salmon Anatomy Worksheet Key, 2011) Water bodies have a diversity of conditions that enable fishes to adapt to their survival. The physiological adaptation of these animals varies to a particular habitat, and it relates to how their metabolism works to counter the changing environment.Fish metabolic activities seek to modulate their luggage compartment functions in any opportune change of their environment and adapt to it. To control the body temperature, fishes undergo physiological thermoregulation. The physiological and metabolic activities regulate the body temperature and maintain it by means of countercurrent exchange system. The countercurrent exchange system is one where the hot blood in the blood vessels, as a result of muscular activities, passes along and gives up some heat to the blood in the adjacent blood vessels, which is flowing to the other parts of the body. This way fishes are able to keep warm.Fish also have the survival tactics in areas where water temperatures are on the point of freezing all in all the yr round like in the Antarctica regi on. In order to overcome the darkness due to the ice over the water surface, fish have a alter sensory system called mechanosensory lateral line, which enables them to sense the motion of other animal in their environment and allows them to feed. However, some fish subspecies normally live in the freshwater and in seawater depending on the environmental opportunities that affects their chances to survive (WhyEvolutionIsTrue, 2012).Freshwater fish have a mechanism, which makes possible them to concentrate salt within their bodies in the environment of salt deficiency consequently, marine fish have the capability to excrete excess salt in the hypertonic environment. The latter as well has chloride cell in their gills, which produce enzyme called gill Na+/K+ATPase that enables them to ride their plasma of excess salt build up when they drink seawater. The enzyme is applied to kernel sodium out of their gills using the energy generated from the muscle.Freshwater fish have a physiologi cal mechanism that allows them to concentrate salt and compensate their sanity environment. They come through the balance of the body and that of the surrounding by producing very dilute, copious urine to rid them of the excess water in their body while taking ions through their gills (Fish in Their Environments Habitats & Adaptation, 2010). Their adaptation favors their capability to adjust to the changing environment. The swordfish has a modified eye muscle with a concentration of chondriosome cells.The mitochondrion organelles perform the duty of breaking down of food to obtain energy for normal eye movement and to provide heat for blood termination to the brain. The physiological system of fish also operates within a fluid environment despite the change its environment. Osmoregulation in fish aims to get a unchangeable balance of uptake and loss of water and solutes through their excretory organs. Marine fish, for example, bony fishes, are hypo-osmotic to seawater respond to loosing water in their bodies by osmosis and net profit salt by diffusion and from the food they eat.They also take up chloride ions through their skin and gills to balance osmotic condition of their environment. In conclusion, fish, like all other animals, have their mode of adaptation to survive in their habitat regarding the circumstances that occur. They will continue to reproduce passing those adaptations to their next generation. References Internal pinkish-orange anatomy worksheet key. (2011, January 14). U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved from http//www. fws. ov/r5crc/salmon/workbook/homework_salmon_anatomy_internal_key. htm Fish in their environments Habitats & adaptation. (2010, March 3). Earthguide. Retrieved from http//earthguide. ucsd. edu/fishes/environment/environment_zones. html WhyEvolutionIsTrue. (2012, April 11). Parallel adaptation in fish uniform genes used over and over. Why Evolution Is True. Retrieved from http//whyevolutionistrue. wordpres s. com/2012/04/11/parallel-adaptation-in-fish-same-genes-used-over-and-over/

Family, its meaning, important and functions Essay

Family, what is it? The Thesaurus dictionary defines family as a primary social group consisting of parents and their offspring. Dcitionary. com defines family as any group of persons closely related by blood, as parents, children, uncles, aunts, and cousins. Do you agree with it? What is your c at oncept of family? For me, family has more to do with the emotional side because some wholeness readiness have been adopted, might be an exchange student exclusively still is part of the family. Two age ago, I was an exchange student. I lived in Snellville, Georgia with the Head family.I wasnt related to them by blood, I was not even adopted (meaning that I didnt have their middle nor last name) just now that didnt stop me from feeling like I was a part of the family. There I versed a new concept of what family is and what the functions of the family are. The functions of the family are giving material and emotional security system to the ones you love, social placement, and social ising besides regulation of sexual activity through the incest taboo (meaning that there shouldnt have sexual relationship or marriage between certain kin).Between all the things I learned that were functions of the family, one seems to me the most important, emotional and material security because those are the base of a good and happy family, once the others can change. Due to career changes, a lot of families now-a-days move quite often, thus every snip you move you have to once again adapt yourself to the new habits of the place you are and start to socialize, dismission through the whole social path again (meeting the people, getting to know there gardening, showing them your culture and adapting yourself to the new).I admit that this path it is not easy but if you have material and emotional security youll go through it easier. For me it was a bit different because I didnt have my blood family with me but they were supporting me every way they could. Even without them, it wasnt hard to adapt myself to the American culture because I also had my American family with me.Whenever I had difficulty with something in the American culture I had my American family to service of process me to understand the new concepts and also to show me some other new things and whenever I gather up succor in accepting the new cultural value, my Brazilian family (even far from me) were supporting me and showing me that all the values they taught me when I was younger were now going to be used because, sometimes you dont need to like the new but you always have torespect it. My family taught me that the love, affection and companionship family members have for each(prenominal) other are bigger than any other feelings someone can have and that is what makes a family, thats what makes family such an important concept in everyone lives.

In cold blood by Truman Capote Essay

Oh, no Oh please. No No No No Dont Oh, please dont Please (245). These were the stretch out desperate words to be uttered by Nancy Clutter before she was savagely murdered. In heatless Blood, explicitly narrated by Truman hooded cloak, is the true story of a brut entirelyy unexpected murder. Through this novel, Capote brings to support the harsh realities of a horrendous crime committed on the high wheat plains of western Kansas. A quiet all-American family was murdered during the bleak early hours of November 15th, 1959.As Capote recreates the murder, the investigation that led to the capture, the trial and the effect of the killers, he generates compelling suspense and empathy. The narrative embodies a twisted plot that grips you and forestalls you from putting it down. This book has more than than unrivalled main point of reference essentially because these cardinal characters be the reason for the entire plot. Throughout the starting line half of the book, the review er basically chases after the murderers, Richard Eugene ( galosh) Hickock and Perry Edward Smith.Perry and Dick were familiar with each other since they had celled together at Kansas State Penitentiary. Dick is your average guy, young (28 years old), arrogant, practical, and fastidious. Dick grew up with loving parents on a small farm near Olathe. He had a fond childhood and was married twice with two sons. Adversely, he was jailed for passing bad checks. Nonetheless, Dicks character is not as remorseless and confident as he makes it seem in the first half of the novel. Perry, on the other hand, is someone people would look at curiously. Hes short with a very muscular organic structure and stubby legs.His legs were damaged due to a motorcycle accident in 1952. Perrys only living relatives are his catch, Tex John Smith and his sister, Barbara Johnson. Perrys other two siblings, were victims of suicide. In contrast to Dicks childhood, Perrys was lonely and disorganized since his m other had abandoned him and he was left to grow up in a brutal Catholic orphanage. Perrys goal in life was to dig up apprize in Mexico. He retained a wide collection of maps and souvenirs from different countries a abundant with letters from his father and sister.Dicks aspiration in life was to be a football player, but these were broken by an atrocious car accident that left his long-jawed and narrow face tilted. Both Perry and Dick sport similar surface traits, such as a high awareness of hygiene, especially with their fingernails. However, their inner personalities were miles apart. neglect for the murder they committed that brought them together, they had nothing in common and, they dis cared each other late. The main difference or challenge that Perry has to face is Dicks acceptance.Perry presented himself as a macho guy who is adapted of murder and mayhem in order to stick with Dick. By presenting this image of himself, Perry believes he has acquired Dicks trust and par tnership. However, Dick does not think so. Dick was sick of him his harmonica, his aches and ills, his superstitions, the weepy, womanly eyes, the nagging, whispering voice. Suspicious, self-righteous, he was like a wife that must be got rid of. (215). Dicks opinion of Perry is quite patent from this quote he clearly intends on getting rid of Perry.By trying to be something he is not, Perry allows himself to be mistreated by Dick. He literally does everything Dick does and trails behind him ignorantly. Planning the murder was all Dicks idea, and initially, he intended Perry to be his silent partner. Due to this contest between Dick and Perry, Perry committed the murders, predominantly to impress Dick. The murders themselves become another conflict that Perry has to face. In the months after the slayings, he is taken up(p) by the voices of the victims. Perry has to confine himself to a life of regret and unfulfilled dreams.Dicks main conflict is facing up to his parents expectat ions. His parents raised him to be a fine law-abiding individual. However, Dicks character betrays his parents hopes and trust. Through the work of four critically scrutinizing investigators, the cold heartless murder of the four members of the Clutter family is lastly resolved and the culprits are caught. On December 30, 1959, Perry & Dick were arrested out in Las Vegas by two repair patrol officers. At the time, they were not told the exact reason why they were creation arrested, only that they were on countersignature violation.In the midst of one-on-one interviews with the murderers, Detective Alvin Dewey (head investigator of the KBI) finally induced Perry and Dick to confess to the murder. They did so because they had no other choice the evidence against them was unmistakable and Dick had turned against Perry. Dick confessed to the investigators that Perry was the one who zest all four members of the Clutter family, as Dick remained his silent partner. Between Dick and Perr y, theres an immense fissure surrounding trust. Once their crime is confessed, they turn against each other and blame one another for different parts of the crime.This shows how selfish human nature can be. By writing this book, Capote wanted readers to have a better understanding of human nature and the circumstances that induce us to behave the way we do. Overall, this book was a great read. It made me aware about something that actually happened long before I was born and it gave me a glimpse of what the world was like before our generation. Considering that this narrative is a true story, the style in which Capote wrote this book made it feel like a regular, thus far captivating novel. The author fabricated some of the conversations to highlight the storys novel-ish state. Never mind, he Mr.Clutter said, responding to Nancys problem.Skip the 4-H. Ill take Kenyon instead. (19). Near the beginning of the novel, there are a lot of conversations that never took place in actual fact . Capote added these conversations to fill in the missing pieces of the story and to give the reader a sense of the victims lives before they were murdered. The book is divided up into four sections each linked through highly important events. Capote varies the length of the chapters to emphasize its level of importance. The chapters before the actual murder are short and shift back and forth between Perry, Dick and the Clutter household.This technique builds up the eagerness and thrill of the events. The chapter in which Perry confesses is lengthy and is written in present tense thus emphasizing its importance. As I researched the background of this book, I found out that Capote started writing this novel because he got deeply attached to the story. At the time that the murder took place, Capote was a news reporter for Timelife and was given the concern of writing a piece on how the killings had devastated a happy, tight-knit little community. He was in the townsfolk writing hi s piece when the suspects were actually caught, at which point the story takes off.During the chapter consisting of the trial, Capote writes as if he were debateion from afar and does not entirely engage the reader in the scene, but rather, he presents it as if it were being seen thorough glass. This style of writing credits to Capotes journalism skills. It allows the reader to be the listening and analyze the situation as they see it the reader is basically the judge in the trial. This book in reality makes you think about the issue murder is something that society constantly faces. This narrative basically allows you to understand and reflect on the different aspects of human nature.

Description of Proposed Network Essay

Our proposal includes the development of a LAN able to meet the requirements of your companys softw ar. The estimator network components include the use of a host, a switch, patch panel, and a router for the office. The selected NOS (Network Operating System) is Windows 2000 legion. This operating trunk provides great conveniences to the installation, configuration, and maintenance of the network. Windows 2000 Server provides the enhanced DHCP, DNS and WINS features allow a network administrator to expediently manage all clients on the network. The data communication media for the networks is UTP CAT5. This cabling follows the Ethernet standards for TCP/IP and go overs decreased propagation and noise.I understand the motivations for creating a network and can apply these technologies to improve communications and access to information, as easily as support and maintain the infrastructure.Goals and ProductsThe avocation list is networking hardware that can be implemented*Norte l Networks fling 2430 Enterprise Router Offers the features and performance of more expensive routers, but at a much lower price. Also, this unit of measurement is known for its quiet operation, and sleek enclosure.*Nortel Networks BayStack 350 Series Switch supports high-utilization workgroups for high-bandwidth uplinks to innkeepers.*dell PowerEdge 650 Server Cost-effective roulette wheel server performance, manageability, and serviceability. Easy to mange. Also with tape drive backup support.*Nortel Networks OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200 Free-standing structure which leave take prisoner router, switch, server, and patch panel.*16-port Patch PanelEach employee workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee leave behind endure a Dell computer with the following options*2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor*256MB go down*13GB unspoken run*Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters*52X CD-Rom*8 MB Video observance*17 Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded)*Inter nal Zip DriveFast Ethernet is the protocol of choice. The fit is a higher quality than the Category 3 normally used by Ethernet, therefore is a bit more expensive, but a worthy advantage. Fast Ethernet defines a star topology. There are many advantages in designing a LAN based on a star topology. It allows e crusadeateness to the existing LAN without effort or disruption. Troubleshooting, repair, and maintenance can be accomplished to a failed customer without holding up or disrupting work on other nodes.The first step of implementing the network involves racecourse drops in two corners of the office. The switch, router, patch panel, and server testament be located in a rack closet dedicated to LAN equipment. This rack exit be placed in a perspective for centrality. The entire office will be cabled with category 5 unshielded-twisted pair cable. Wall faceplates to include twain drops and a phone jack will be installed. Panels spanning each wall willhouse cables to ensure a cl ean look. As can be expected, the physical cost to install these drops are minimal, the labor is the majority of this expense.The second step of implementing the network involves configuring each piece of networking equipment. The router will be set up to ensure serviceability and reliability between employees and the server. From the router there will be a switch attached. The router will service a protocol (DHCP) which will allow workstations to access the network. The patch panel will be used as a middleman between the user and the switch. 1ft cables will be used to link up the switch and patch panel with to a fault the use of a punch-down block.The third step of implementing the network involves configuring the server. This server will be set up to store crucial data, backup data, directory services (User Management), and file and bring out services. From the server you will have control and full access to each employees machine.SpecificationsHardware plays an near-valuable role in reliability of a network. Each workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options*2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor*256MB RAM*13GB Hard Drive*Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters*52X CD-Rom*8 MB Video Card*17 Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded)*Internal Zip DriveIn adjunct the office will house a Hewlett Packard LaserJet 4000N due to estimated heavy printing volume. The network equipment will be housed in a rack mount closet. That equipment will consist of a Dell PowerEdge 650 Server with the following components*3.06GHZ Pentium 4 Processor 512K internal L2 Cache,*1GB ECC DDR266 Memory,*Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapter,*16x4GB SCSI Hard Drives,*3.5 Floppy Drive, CD-ROM, and Internal Zip Drive.The hard drives in the server will be partitioned into a public working drive and a back up drive and will also be using RAID 5.Equipment and Labor CostsEquipment*Passport 2430 Enterprise Router $349.99* BayStack 350 Series Switch $714.99*PowerEdge 650 Server $1499.99*OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200 $1299.99*12-port Patch Panel $119.99*Cabling CostsoUTP CAT5 Cable 650FT (60ft per workstation) $500o(48) RJ-45 Connecters $200*(10) Custom Dell Workstations featuring Windows 2000 $6000*(11) 17 Monitors $1100 (Save this by using current monitors)*HP 4000N LaserJet Printer $200*Looking at a total for equipment just shy of $12,000Labor*Flat hourly rate of $90/HR.*Project will take 5 business days (8hr/day limit).*Looking at a total for labor- $3600An estimated Grand-Total- $16,000**This lick is based on new state of the art equipment and software. Every item has been carefully examined to ensure it offers the most for the needs of Creative Accounting. Cost may be cut if the need arises, however, efficiency and technology will be sacrificed. All in all, this network has been developed with the sole purpose of satisfying the companys needs within realistic constraints.Please feel free to contact me with any questions regarding this proposal.